architectural openings

Openings are voids in a building, such as windows, doors, skylights, storefronts, curtain walls, etc.; and depending on which type, it may serve as a means of access to people, sunlight, sound, and even fresh air.

Window: An opening on a wall to allow the passage of light when closed, plus air and sound when opened. They are made predominantly out of glass and a frame to hold the glass in place.

Window Types: There are different types of windows, and each type depends on the kind of building or the use that will be needed of the window. These types are: fixed, single hung, double hung, horizontal sliding, casement, awning, hopper, tilt & turn, among others.

• Fixed: A window that can’t be opened and whose sole purpose is for vision or to allow the light to enter.

• Single Hung: A window with two sashes, one operable (the bottom usually slides up while the other remains fixed).

• Double Hung: A window with two operable sashes that move vertically in the frame. These windows can be fitted with simplex hinges that let the window be locked on one side, while the rope on the other side detaches; this allows the window to be opened for cleaning or as a fire escape.

• Horizontal Sliding: These windows have two or more sashes that are horizontal within the frame.

• Casement: A window with a hinged sash on the side that makes it swing in or out like a door. If the sash is hinged at the top, the window is called an awning; if hinged on the bottom, it’s called a hopper.

• Awning: It’s a casement window that swings outward like an awning because it’s hinged on top (hung horizontally).

• Hopper: It’s a bottom-pivoting casement window that opens by tilting vertically, typically towards the inside.

• Tilt & Turn: It can both tilt inwards at the top or open inwards from hinges at the sides.